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18.
VOICE
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¢ कर्त्याची किवा कर्माची क्रीयापादशी जी जुळणी असते, तिलाच
प्रयोग (voice)असे म्हणतात.
§ Read the following
sentences :-
1)
I write a letter. (मी पत्र लिहितो.)
2)
A letter is written by me. (माझ्याकडून पत्र लिहिले जाते )
Que.1.What is
the difference between these two sentences?
2.Who is the
doer of the action in the first sentence?
3.What is given importance in the second sentence?
4.What are the changes made to convert sentence (1)
into sentence (2)?
¨
There are two types of voices:-
1)
Active Voice:- (कर्तरी प्रयोग )
Structure:- Subject (कर्ता) + Verb (क्रियापद) + Object (कर्म)
ज्या वाक्यामध्ये क्रियापद कर्त्याच्या तंत्राप्रमाणेच
चालते, त्या वाक्याच्या प्रयोगाला कर्तरी प्रयोग असे म्हणतात.
e.g. I eat a mango.
Pari sang a song.
Jyoti will read a book.
2) Passive voice :-
(कर्मणी प्रयोग )
Structure:- Object (कर्म ) +To be + P.P +
by + Subject.(कर्ता)
ज्या वाक्यामध्ये
क्रियापद कर्माच्या तंत्राप्रमाणे चालते, त्या वाक्याच्या प्रयोगाला कर्तरी प्रयोग
असे म्हणतात.
e.g. A mango is eaten by me.
A
song was sung by Pari.
A
book will be read by Jyoti.
¨ Active Voice to
Passive Voice :-
(1)In Simple
Tenses Active voice To Passive voice:-
(Object
+ to be + past participle + by + subject)
1.
Simple Present, Simple Past and Simple Future :
Read the
following sentences.
(1) He eats a
mango. (Active Voice)
Ø A mango is
eaten by him. (Passive Voice)
(2) He ate a
mango. (Active Voice)
Ø
A
mango was eaten by him. (Passive Voice)
(3) She will eat a
mango. (Active Voice)
Ø
A
mango will be eaten
by her. (Passive Voice
Remember the
following while changing active voice into passive voice :
(1)
Object use instead of subject. (कर्म हे कर्त्याच्या जागी वापरा.)
(2) Then use the
form of verb ‘be’ according to the subject. (be चे योग्य ते रूप वापरा.)
Present Tense:-
am, is, are.
Past Tense: -
Was, were.
Future Tense:-
shall be, will be.
(3) Then use Past
Participle (P.P) of the given/main verb. (मुख्य क्रियापदाचे तिसरे रूप वापरा.)
(4)
Then use the
word ‘by’. (त्यानंतर by हा शब्द वापरा)
(5)
At last use the subject or second case of the
Pronoun. (कर्ता किवा कर्त्याचे दवितीयेचे रूप वापरा )
I = me, You =
you, We = us, They= them, He = him, She= her,
It= it.
Do as directed:-
1) Civilian kills the citizen.(
Make it passive).
Ans: The citizen is killed by
civilian.
2) She writes a letter.( Make it
passive).
Ans: A letter is written by her.
3) He was awarded by the
Principal.( Make it active).
Ans: The Principal awarded him.
4) The desk was broken by her.(
Make it active).
Ans: she break the desk.
5) The human body is affected by
the temperature.
Ans: The temperature affects the
human body.
Passive :
v Many
actions involve two people/things - one that performs the action and one that
is affected by the action.
Example : Sonali
ate the mango.
Here, the
action of eating involves Sonali (who eats) and the mango (which gets eaten).
Sonali is the subject and ‘mango’ is the object of the verb ‘eat’. When you
want to talk about who performed the action, the doer of the
action is the subject.
v Sometimes,
you want focus on the object - the thing affected by the action. Then you make
it the subject of that sentence.
Example : The
mango was eaten.
You may
or may not mention the doer - here, Sonali or the person who ate it. This
is passive construction or passive voice. In this type of
construction, the thing affected by the verb is the subject of the
sentence, the verb is in the passive form (be + past participle), and
the ‘doer’ of the action may or may not be mentioned.
v In the
following examples of passive voice, the ‘doer’ of action is not mentioned.
Examples :
• The plants are pruned.
A cup of tea is offered to any guest ...
Many anecdotes, related to Mark Twain, are told ...
If we wish to mention the ‘doer’ in passive sentences, we mention
it by adding ‘by’ before it.
Example : This pen was given to me by my Aunt.
Note
that only transitive verbs can be used in the passive voice
1)
My
father provided first aid to clean the wounds.
(Rewrite the
sentence beginning with -'First aid..')
Ans - First aid was provided to clean the wounds by
my father.
F
Rules for changing Active voice to Passive voice:
1.
Simply
exchange the places of the subject and the object. The subject should become
the object and vice-e-versa while changing a sentence from Active to Passive
voice or reverse.
- Active
voice: She bought a new car. (She is the
subject and a new car is an object.)
- Passive
voice: A new car was bought by her. (A new car is a
subject and her is the object.)
2. Always blindly convert the main verb into its past
participle or third form while converting from active to passive voice. To
remind you what the third form of a verb looks like, let’s look at a few
examples:
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- Active
voice: Bhaanu wrote a book on gun violence.
- Passive
voice: A book on gun violence was written by Bhaanu.
3. Use the word “by” before the subject in the passive
sentence. For example:
- Active
voice: My brother sang a song.
- Passive
voice: A song was sung by my brother.
4. Change of tense of the auxiliary word: Now when you
change the verb form of the main verb, the tense of the auxiliary also changes
accordingly. Let’s see this with the help of a few examples:
5. Sometimes you may completely omit the subject from
the passive voice if the idea you are trying to convey is clear. You just have
to take a judgement call for that. For example:
- Active
voice: Distance is measured in kilometers.
- Passive
voice: Kilometres is a measurement unit for distance.
6. Words like “with” or “to” are also used in passive
voice. You may recall that we use “by” quite frequently in an active voice to
passive voice conversion.
- Active
voice: I know her.
- Passive
voice: She is known to me.
- Active
voice: Love fills my heart.
- Passive
voice: My heart is filled with love
F For Standard Ten
Que.1) Change the
voice.
1)
The
teacher patted her affectionately.
(
Begin the sentence with “She…..)
2)
The
teacher encouraged her.
(Begin
the sentence with “She…..)
Que.2) Choose the correct passive voice sentence for the
following.
1. Cricket has given a lifetime of
experiences.
a. A lifetime of experiences had been
given by Cricket.
b. A lifetime of experiences has been
given by Cricket.
c. A lifetime of experiences had
given by Cricket.
d. A lifetime of experiences were been given by Cricket
2.He vacated the seat
a) The seat is vacated by him.
b) The seat was vacated by him.
c) The seat will be vacated by him.
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