|
3. TENSES
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
क्रियापदाच्या
रूपावरून क्रियेचा काळ किवा वेळ समजणे म्हणजेच काळ (Tense) होय.
T
|
ense is the form of a verb which
shows the time at which an action takes place - the Past (She went) the
Present (She goes) and the Future (She will go)
Verb forms show
both tense (past, present, future) and aspect (perfect, progressive). The
progressive (continuous) aspect is formed by using ‘be + v – ing’ (They are/were
going). The perfect aspect is formed by using ‘have + v-ed/-en’
(They have/had gone) .
1.The Present Tense (वर्तमानकाळ
) Examples:-
|
Simple
Present : I go
home. ( S+V-1+Object) She goes home.
|
Present
Progressive : I am going. (S+am/is/are+V-ing+Object) They are going.
|
Present
Perfect : He has
gone. (S+have/has+P.P+Object) They have gone.
|
Present
Perfect Progressive : He has been going. (S+to have+been+V-ing+Object) They have been going.
|
2.The Past Tense (भूतकाळ )
|
Simple
Past : She went. ( S+V-2+Object) They went.
|
Past Progressive : I
was going.
(S+was/were+V-ing+Object) We
were going.
|
Past Perfect : We had gone. (S+had+P.P+Object)
He had gone.
|
Past Perfect
Progressive : I had been going. (S+had+been+V-ing+Object) They had
been going.
|
3.The Future Tense(भविष्यकाळ)
|
Simple Future
:
I will go. ( S+shall/will+V-1+Object) You will go.
|
Future Progressive : We will be going.
|
(S+shall be/will be+V-ing+Object) She
will be going.
|
Future Perfect
: He will have gone.
(S+shall/will have+P.P+Object) Ram will have gone
|
Future Perfect Progressive : I will have been going.
|
(S+shall/will have+been+V-ing+Object) They
will have been going.
|
1.The Simple Present Tense (साधा
वर्तमानकाळ)
Verbs
have forms called tenses that tell you when the action happens. If the
action happens regularly, sometimes or never, use the simple present tense.
F Structure- ( S+V-1+Object)
S=subject (कर्ता)
e.g. I write a letter. V=verb (क्रियापद)
We
write a letter. O=object (कर्म)
You
write a letter.
He/She
writes a letter.
It
cries loudly.
They
write a letter.
·
The simple present tense is
also used to state facts.
E.g.The sun rises every morning.
Dogs love
playing in water.
The
earth goes around the sun.
· Use the simple present tense to tell the events of a story that is
happening
now.
e.g I arrive at school.
I see
another girl crying.
· Use the simple present tense to talk about things that will happen
in the future.
e.g.My little sister starts school tomorrow.
Next
week I go on holiday to Mumbai.
My
family moves to a new house next month.
2.The
Present Progressive Tense (चालू/अपूर्ण वर्तमानकाळ)
The
present progressive tense is used to talk about things that are continuing to
happen. Make the present progressive tense by using am, is or are with a verb
that ends in ‘ing’.
F Structure:- (S+am/is/are+V-ing+Object)
e.g. I am writing a letter.
We
are
writing a letter.
You
are writing a letter.
He/She
is writing a letter.
It
is crying loudly.
They
are writing a letter.
· The
present progressive tense is also used to talk about things that are
planned for the future.
e.g I am going to the library tomorrow.
My
sister is giving me her bike when she gets her new one.
All my
friends are coming to my party next week.
3. The Present Perfect Tense (पूर्ण
वर्तमानकाळ)
The
present perfect tense shows action in the indefinite past. The present perfect
tense is also used to show action begun in the past and continuing into the
present.
To make the present perfect tense, use
have or has and a verb that ends in ed.
F Structure:-
(S+have/has+P.P+Object)
e.g. I have written a letter.
We have
written a letter.
You have written
a letter.
He/She has written
a letter.
It has cried
loudly.
They have written
a letter.
4.The Present Perfect Continuous Tense (पूर्ण
अपूर्ण वर्तमानकाळ)
Use the present perfect continuous tense to talk about things that
continuing in the past and rarely was completed and just it is going on.
F Structure:-
(S+have/has+ been+v.ing+Object)
e.g. I have been writing a letter.
We have
been writing a letter.
You have been writing
a letter.
He/She has been
writing a letter.
It has been crying
loudly.
They have been
writing a letter.
5.The Simple Past Tense (साधा भूतकाळ)
Use
the simple past tense to talk about things that happened in the past.
The
simple past tense is usually made by adding ed to the verb.
F Structure:- (S+V2+Object)
e.g. I wrote a letter.
We
wrote a letter.
You
wrote a letter.
He/She
wrote a letter.
It
cried loudly.
They
wrote a letter.
·
If a verb ends in e, just add d to make
the simple past tense.
Who
closed all the windows?
We
lived in that house when I was a baby.
She smiled when
she saw me.
· If a verb ends in y, change the y to i before adding ed.
I
carried my mom’s shopping bag.
My
brother cried when he fell off his bike.
We
hurried to the station to catch the train.
Dad
tried to help me with my homework.
· With some short verbs that end in a consonant,you must double the
consonant before adding ed.
I
climbed over the fence and ripped my shirt.
The
stranger grabbed my arm.
The
dog wagged its tail when it saw the biscuits.
He
slammed the door and walked off angrily
6.The Past Progressive Tense (चालू
भूतकाळ)
Use
the past progressive tense to talk about things that were happening in the past
and had not stopped happening. They were continuing.
To make the past progressive tense, use
was or were and a verb that ends in ing.
e.g.I
was watching television.
Ben
was finishing his homework.
·
You can also use the past progressive
tense to say what was happening when something else happened.
Sam
was doing his math homework when the phone rang.
Dad
was cooking our dinner when I got home.
When
I saw Joe, he was looking for his dog.
We
were all enjoying the movie when the power went out.
What were they doing when the bell rang?
7. The Past Perfect Tense (पूर्ण
भूतकाळ)
Past perfect tense is used to show action completed in the past. To
make the past perfect tense, use had and a verb that ends in ed (p.p)
F Structure:-
(S+had+P.P+Object)
e.g. I had written a letter.
We had
written a letter.
You had written
a letter.
He/She had written
a letter.
It had cried
loudly.
They had written
a letter.
8. The Past Perfect Continuouse Tense (पूर्ण
चालू भूतकाळ)
Use
the past perfect continuous tense to talk about things that continuing in the
past and rarely was completed and it was
going on.
9. The Simple Future Tense (भविष्यकाळ)
To
show future action use the verbs ‘shall’ and ‘will’ with another verb that describes
the action.You can use either shall or will with the pronouns I and we Use will with the pronouns you, he, she,
it and they.Will is also used with singular nouns like ‘my dad’ and with plural
nouns like ‘all the boys in my class’.
e.g.I shall do my homework after dinner.
I will miss you when you leave.
We shall take the dog for a walk later.ACTIVITIES
|
For Standard Ten
|
1) They took care of everything.
2) Sometimes it becomes really difficult to keep them under control.
3) In a few days boxing will be very popular among everyone in India.
4) You have broken several sterotypes about the women in India.
2) Do
as directed
1. Her father was a keen wrestler. ( Rewrite it in simple present tense) March-2019
Ans- Her father is a keen wrestler.
2. I
took the baby langur to our backyard.
(Rewrite the sentence in the Past
Perfect Tense)
Ans-
…………………………………………………………
3. She
simply sat there quietly.
(Rewrite the sentence in the
Present Continuous Tense)
Ans-……………………………………………………………………
4. The
mother langur looked straight into my eyes.
(Rewrite the sentence in the
Simple Present Tense)
Ans-
………………………………………………..
5. She
surveyed the area for the vicious male langur.
(Rewrite the
sentence in the Simple Future Tense)
Ans-
………………………………………………
3) Read the following sentences
carefully, underline the verbs and find out the tenses in the sentences.
(a) The sun was now ascending the sky.
® …………………………………
(a) Still
they took no notice of him.
® ……………………………………………………………
(b)
She is standing on a little high
hump on the plateau.
® ……………………………………………………….
(c) He
leaned out eagerly.
® ………………………………………………………..
(d) He
just felt dizzy.
® …………………………………….
4)Observe the following underlined phrases. Here
‘have / has’ are followed by the past participle form of the verb. This
construction indicates the perfect present tense. Find more such sentences from
the speech. (Coursebook-Ten P.No- 106 to 112)
(1) We have made progress
in the last couple of decades.
(2) We have prevented millions of child deaths.
(3) It has
happened.
(4)
(5)
ACTIVITIES
|
For Standard Eight
|
Say whether the following
sentences are in Continuous Tense or Perfect Tense. (STD-EIGHT P.NO-24)
(1) I was entering the
class. …………………........
(2)The girls are teasing me…………
(3) I haven’t said a word
to you. ……………………….
(4) Never before had
anyone lavished love on me. ……………………..
(5) You are going to be
responsible for it. ………………………………
(6)
According to the teacher, I had dropped the notebook on purpos.
For any query contact or mail me
By Mr.Bhangare Adiraj Damodhar
Samata Vidya Mandir Jorve Pin No 422605
Mob.No- 9960545164
No comments:
Post a Comment